Journal article
V. Lopes, Mélanie Court, Martim Costa Seco, Francisco O. Borges, B. Vicente, Sandra Lage, A. C. Braga, B. Duarte, C. F. Santos, A. Amorim, P. Costa, R. Rosa
Toxins, 2023
Toxins, 2023
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APA
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Lopes, V., Court, M., Seco, M. C., Borges, F. O., Vicente, B., Lage, S., … Rosa, R. (2023). Gymnodinium catenatum Paralytic Shellfish Toxin Production and Photobiological Responses under Marine Heat Waves. Toxins.
Chicago/Turabian
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Lopes, V., Mélanie Court, Martim Costa Seco, Francisco O. Borges, B. Vicente, Sandra Lage, A. C. Braga, et al. “Gymnodinium Catenatum Paralytic Shellfish Toxin Production and Photobiological Responses under Marine Heat Waves.” Toxins (2023).
MLA
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Lopes, V., et al. “Gymnodinium Catenatum Paralytic Shellfish Toxin Production and Photobiological Responses under Marine Heat Waves.” Toxins, 2023.
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@article{v2023a,
title = {Gymnodinium catenatum Paralytic Shellfish Toxin Production and Photobiological Responses under Marine Heat Waves},
year = {2023},
journal = {Toxins},
author = {Lopes, V. and Court, Mélanie and Seco, Martim Costa and Borges, Francisco O. and Vicente, B. and Lage, Sandra and Braga, A. C. and Duarte, B. and Santos, C. F. and Amorim, A. and Costa, P. and Rosa, R.}
}
Abstract
Marine heatwaves (MHWs) have doubled in frequency since the 1980s and are projected to be exacerbated during this century. MHWs have been shown to trigger harmful algal blooms (HABs), with severe consequences to marine life and human populations. Within this context, this study aims to understand, for the first time, how MHWs impact key biological and toxicological parameters of the paralytic shellfish toxin (PST) producer Gymnodinium catenatum, a dinoflagellate inhabiting temperate and tropical coastal waters. Two MHW were simulated—category I (i.e., peak: 19.9 °C) and category IV (i.e., peak: 24.1 °C)—relative to the estimated baseline in the western coast of Portugal (18.5 °C). No significant changes in abundance, size, and photosynthetic efficiency were observed among treatments. On the other hand, chain-formation was significantly reduced under category IV MHW, as was PSP toxicity and production of some PST compounds. Overall, this suggests that G. catenatum may have a high tolerance to MHWs. Nevertheless, some sublethal effects may have occurred since chain-formation was affected, suggesting that these growth conditions may be sub-optimal for this population. Our study suggests that the increase in frequency, intensity, and duration of MHWs may lead to reduced severity of G. catenatum blooms.